Natural variability in the surface ocean carbonate ion concentration

Natural variability in the surface ocean carbonate ion concentration

We investigate variability in the surface ocean carbonate ion concentration ([CO 3 ]) on the basis of a long control simulation with an Earth System Model. The simulation is run with a prescribed, pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 concentration for 1000 years, permitting investigation of natural [CO 3 ] variability on interannual to multi-decadal timescales. We find high interannual variability in...

Surface ocean carbonate variability

Reconsidering the role of carbonate ion concentration

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Deep ocean carbonate ion increase during mid Miocene CO2 decline

Characterised by long term cooling and abrupt ice sheet expansion on Antarctica ~14 Ma ago, the mid Miocene marked the beginning of the modern ice-house world, yet there is still little consensus on its causes, in part because carbon cycle dynamics are not well constrained. In particular, changes in carbonate ion concentration ([CO3(2-)]) in the ocean, the largest carbon reservoir of the ocean-...

Sulfate in Foraminiferal Calcium Carbonate : Investigating a Potential Proxy for Sea Water Carbonate Ion Concentration

The sulfur content of planktonic and benthic foraminifera was measured in specimens recovered from deep-sea sediment cores and individuals grown in culture. A new method for measuring sulfur in foraminiferal calcium carbonate was developed, employing a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The sulfur measurements, expressed as sulfur-to-calcium (S/Ca) ratios in the foram...